03-13-2013, 12:00 AM
Psychiatrists and warrior-sorcerers are not compatible
"Damage to the dopaminergic pathway results in a loss of dreaming."
in
Two main frontal areas have been implicated in the dream process. The first involves the deep white matter of the frontal lobes (just above the eyes). The main systems at work here involve the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. There are connecting fibres that run between frontal and limbic structures. A dopaminergic pathway runs from the ventral tegmental area, ascends through the lateral hypothalamus, various basal forebrain areas (nucleus basalis, stria terminalis, shell of nucleus accumbens) and terminates in the amygdala, anterior cingulate gyrus
and frontal cortex. Damage to the dopaminergic pathway results in a
loss of dreaming. Furthermore, chemical stimulation of the pathway (with
L-DOPA for example) increases the frequency and vividness of dreams
without affecting REM sleep.[10]
It is interesting to note that the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
are considered the seeking areas or the motivational command centers of
the brain. Damage not only results in the loss of dreams but also of
motivated behaviour.[6] Transection or inhibition of the dopamine pathway also reduces some positive symptoms of schizophrenia,
many of which have been likened to dream-like states. Drugs that block
the system have anti-psychotic effects but also reduce excessive and
vivid dreaming.[10] Further evidence that dreaming can occur independently of REM sleep is found in the occurrence of nocturnal seizures during NREM that often present themselves as nightmares. Activation here is seen in the temporal lobe, again a forebrain area.[6][10]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_ ... _of_dreams
"Damage to the dopaminergic pathway results in a loss of dreaming."
in
Two main frontal areas have been implicated in the dream process. The first involves the deep white matter of the frontal lobes (just above the eyes). The main systems at work here involve the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. There are connecting fibres that run between frontal and limbic structures. A dopaminergic pathway runs from the ventral tegmental area, ascends through the lateral hypothalamus, various basal forebrain areas (nucleus basalis, stria terminalis, shell of nucleus accumbens) and terminates in the amygdala, anterior cingulate gyrus
and frontal cortex. Damage to the dopaminergic pathway results in a
loss of dreaming. Furthermore, chemical stimulation of the pathway (with
L-DOPA for example) increases the frequency and vividness of dreams
without affecting REM sleep.[10]
It is interesting to note that the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
are considered the seeking areas or the motivational command centers of
the brain. Damage not only results in the loss of dreams but also of
motivated behaviour.[6] Transection or inhibition of the dopamine pathway also reduces some positive symptoms of schizophrenia,
many of which have been likened to dream-like states. Drugs that block
the system have anti-psychotic effects but also reduce excessive and
vivid dreaming.[10] Further evidence that dreaming can occur independently of REM sleep is found in the occurrence of nocturnal seizures during NREM that often present themselves as nightmares. Activation here is seen in the temporal lobe, again a forebrain area.[6][10]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_ ... _of_dreams